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Susanna Cole (née Hutchinson; 1633 – c. 1713) was the lone survivor of an Indian attack in which many of her siblings and her famed mother, Anne Hutchinson, were killed. Following the attack, she was taken captive, and held for several years before her release. Born in Alford, Lincolnshire, England, Hutchinson was less than a year old when her family sailed from England to New England in 1634. She was less than five when her family settled on Aquidneck Island (later Rhode Island) in the Narragansett Bay following her mother's banishment from Massachusetts during the Antinomian Controversy. Shortly after her father's death, when she was about eight years old, she, her mother and six of her siblings left Rhode Island to live in New Netherland. They settled in an area that became the far northeastern section of The Bronx in New York City, near the Westchester County line. Caught in the middle of severe tensions between the local natives and the Dutch, the family, except for Susanna, was massacred in August 1643. She was taken captive, and raised by the Indians, later to be traded back to the English. Hutchinson was taken to Boston where her oldest brother and an older sister lived, was re-introduced into English society, and at the age of 18 married John Cole, the son of Boston innkeeper Samuel Cole. They lived in Boston for a few years, but by 1663 had moved to the Narragansett country of Rhode Island (later North Kingstown) to look after the lands of her oldest brother, Edward Hutchinson. Here the couple remained and raised a large family. Susanna Cole was still alive in 1707 when given administration of her husband's estate, but was deceased by December 1713 when her son William took receipts concerning his parents' estate. == Early life == Baptized in Alford, Lincolnshire on 15 November 1633, Susanna Hutchinson was the youngest child of William and Anne Hutchinson to accompany her parents on the voyage from England to New England in 1634. She was the 14th child of her parents, of which 11 survived to make the trip to the New World; a 15th child was born in New England. The family settled in Boston, and lived across the street from magistrate John Winthrop, who was a judge during the civil trial in 1637 that led to her mother's banishment from the Massachusetts colony. While Hutchinson was still very young, her mother hosted popular religious discussions at their home. Her mother's religious views, at odds with the rigid orthodoxy of the Puritan ministers, helped to create a major division in the Boston church and an untenable situation for the colony's leaders. Forced to leave Massachusetts, the family settled with many of her mother's supporters on Aquidneck Island in the Narragansett Bay, establishing the settlement of Portsmouth, which soon became a part of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Hutchinson was less than five years old when the family left Boston, and was about eight when her father died in Portsmouth. Frightened at the prospect of Massachusetts gaining influence or control over Rhode Island, Hutchinson's widowed mother took her six youngest children, an older son, a son-in-law, and some servants and moved to the part of New Netherland that later became The Bronx in New York City. The Dutch and native Siwanoy were engaged in Kieft's War during the family's tenure there. In August 1643 Siwonoy attacked the emigrant household, and killed all members of the family, except for nine-year-old Hutchinson. According to one story, Susanna's red hair spared her from the slaughter, while another account claimed that the girl was out picking blueberries some distance from the house and hid in the crevice of Split Rock. In any event, the attackers took Susanna Hutchinson captive, and held her for several years. In his journal, Massachusetts governor John Winthrop provided an account of Susanna under the date of July 1646: A daughter of Mrs. Hutchinson was carried away by the Indians near the Dutch, when her mother and others were killed by them; and upon the peace concluded between the Dutch and the same Indians, she was returned to the Dutch governor, who restored her to her friends here. She was about eight years old, when she was taken, and continued with them about four years, and she had forgot her own language, and all her friends, and was loath to have come from the Indians. While Winthrop said that Hutchinson was captive about four years, his journal makes clear that her captivity lasted less than three years. When she returned to Boston, her known living siblings at the time were her oldest brother, Edward Hutchinson, another brother, Samuel, and her two oldest living sisters, Faith (the wife of Thomas Savage), and Bridget (the wife of John Sanford). Of these siblings, Faith lived in Mount Wollaston, about ten miles south of Boston; Bridget lived in Portsmouth, Rhode Island; and Samuel's residence is unknown. Only her brother Edward is known to have lived in Boston proper, and it is likely that Hutchinson came to live with him and his family. On 30 December 1651 she married, in Boston, John Cole, the son of Boston innkeeper, Samuel Cole, who had established Boston's first tavern in 1634. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Susanna Cole」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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